slab.c

/*
 * linux/mm/slab.c
 * Written by Mark Hemment, 1996/97.
 * (markhe@nextd.demon.co.uk)
 *
 * kmem_cache_destroy() + some cleanup - 1999 Andrea Arcangeli
 *
 * Major cleanup, different bufctl logic, per-cpu arrays
 *	(c) 2000 Manfred Spraul
 *
 * Cleanup, make the head arrays unconditional, preparation for NUMA
 * 	(c) 2002 Manfred Spraul
 *
 * An implementation of the Slab Allocator as described in outline in;
 *	UNIX Internals: The New Frontiers by Uresh Vahalia
 *	Pub: Prentice Hall	ISBN 0-13-101908-2
 * or with a little more detail in;
 *	The Slab Allocator: An Object-Caching Kernel Memory Allocator
 *	Jeff Bonwick (Sun Microsystems).
 *	Presented at: USENIX Summer 1994 Technical Conference
 *
 * The memory is organized in caches, one cache for each object type.
 * (e.g. inode_cache, dentry_cache, buffer_head, vm_area_struct)
 * Each cache consists out of many slabs (they are small (usually one
 * page long) and always contiguous), and each slab contains multiple
 * initialized objects.
 *
 * This means, that your constructor is used only for newly allocated
 * slabs and you must pass objects with the same initializations to
 * kmem_cache_free.
 *
 * Each cache can only support one memory type (GFP_DMA, GFP_HIGHMEM,
 * normal). If you need a special memory type, then must create a new
 * cache for that memory type.
 *
 * In order to reduce fragmentation, the slabs are sorted in 3 groups:
 *   full slabs with 0 free objects
 *   partial slabs
 *   empty slabs with no allocated objects
 *
 * If partial slabs exist, then new allocations come from these slabs,
 * otherwise from empty slabs or new slabs are allocated.
 *
 * kmem_cache_destroy() CAN CRASH if you try to allocate from the cache
 * during kmem_cache_destroy(). The caller must prevent concurrent allocs.
 *
 * Each cache has a short per-cpu head array, most allocs
 * and frees go into that array, and if that array overflows, then 1/2
 * of the entries in the array are given back into the global cache.
 * The head array is strictly LIFO and should improve the cache hit rates.
 * On SMP, it additionally reduces the spinlock operations.
 *
 * The c_cpuarray may not be read with enabled local interrupts -
 * it's changed with a smp_call_function().
 *
 * SMP synchronization:
 *  constructors and destructors are called without any locking.
 *  Several members in struct kmem_cache and struct slab never change, they
 *	are accessed without any locking.
 *  The per-cpu arrays are never accessed from the wrong cpu, no locking,
 *  	and local interrupts are disabled so slab code is preempt-safe.
 *  The non-constant members are protected with a per-cache irq spinlock.
 *
 * Many thanks to Mark Hemment, who wrote another per-cpu slab patch
 * in 2000 - many ideas in the current implementation are derived from
 * his patch.
 *
 * Further notes from the original documentation:
 *
 * 11 April '97.  Started multi-threading - markhe
 *	The global cache-chain is protected by the mutex 'slab_mutex'.
 *	The sem is only needed when accessing/extending the cache-chain, which
 *	can never happen inside an interrupt (kmem_cache_create(),
 *	kmem_cache_shrink() and kmem_cache_reap()).
 *
 *	At present, each engine can be growing a cache.  This should be blocked.
 *
 * 15 March 2005. NUMA slab allocator.
 *	Shai Fultheim <shai@scalex86.org>.
 *	Shobhit Dayal <shobhit@calsoftinc.com>
 *	Alok N Kataria <alokk@calsoftinc.com>
 *	Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
 *
 *	Modified the slab allocator to be node aware on NUMA systems.
 *	Each node has its own list of partial, free and full slabs.
 *	All object allocations for a node occur from node specific slab lists.
 */

#include	<linux/slab.h>
#include	<linux/mm.h>
#include	<linux/poison.h>
#include	<linux/swap.h>
#include	<linux/cache.h>
#include	<linux/interrupt.h>
#include	<linux/init.h>
#include	<linux/compiler.h>
#include	<linux/cpuset.h>
#include	<linux/proc_fs.h>
#include	<linux/seq_file.h>
#include	<linux/notifier.h>
#include	<linux/kallsyms.h>
#include	<linux/cpu.h>
#include	<linux/sysctl.h>
#include	<linux/module.h>
#include	<linux/rcupdate.h>
#include	<linux/string.h>
#include	<linux/uaccess.h>
#include	<linux/nodemask.h>
#include	<linux/kmemleak.h>
#include	<linux/mempolicy.h>
#include	<linux/mutex.h>
#include	<linux/fault-inject.h>
#include	<linux/rtmutex.h>
#include	<linux/reciprocal_div.h>
#include	<linux/debugobjects.h>
#include	<linux/kmemcheck.h>
#include	<linux/memory.h>
#include	<linux/prefetch.h>

#include	<net/sock.h>

#include	<asm/cacheflush.h>
#include	<asm/tlbflush.h>
#include	<asm/page.h>

#include <trace/events/kmem.h>

#include	"internal.h"

#include	"slab.h"

/*
 * DEBUG	- 1 for kmem_cache_create() to honour; SLAB_RED_ZONE & SLAB_POISON.
 *		  0 for faster, smaller code (especially in the critical paths).
 *
 * STATS	- 1 to collect stats for /proc/slabinfo.
 *		  0 for faster, smaller code (especially in the critical paths).
 *
 * FORCED_DEBUG	- 1 enables SLAB_RED_ZONE and SLAB_POISON (if possible)
 */

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB
#define	DEBUG		1
#define	STATS		1
#define	FORCED_DEBUG	1
#else
#define	DEBUG		0
#define	STATS		0
#define	FORCED_DEBUG	0
#endif

/* Shouldn't this be in a header file somewhere? */
#define	BYTES_PER_WORD		sizeof(void *)
#define	REDZONE_ALIGN		max(BYTES_PER_WORD, __alignof__(unsigned long long))

#ifndef ARCH_KMALLOC_FLAGS
#define ARCH_KMALLOC_FLAGS SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN
#endif

#define FREELIST_BYTE_INDEX (((PAGE_SIZE >> BITS_PER_BYTE) \
				<= SLAB_OBJ_MIN_SIZE) ? 1 : 0)

#if FREELIST_BYTE_INDEX
typedef unsigned char freelist_idx_t;
#else
typedef unsigned short freelist_idx_t;
#endif

#define SLAB_OBJ_MAX_NUM ((1 << sizeof(freelist_idx_t) * BITS_PER_BYTE) - 1)

/*
 * struct array_cache
 *
 * Purpose:
 * - LIFO ordering, to hand out cache-warm objects from _alloc
 * - reduce the number of linked list operations
 * - reduce spinlock operations
 *
 * The limit is stored in the per-cpu structure to reduce the data cache
 * footprint.
 *
 */
struct array_cache {
	unsigned int avail;
	unsigned int limit;
	unsigned int batchcount;
	unsigned int touched;
	void *entry[];	/*
			 * Must have this definition in here for the proper
			 * alignment of array_cache. Also simplifies accessing
			 * the entries.
			 */
};

struct alien_cache {
	spinlock_t lock;
	struct array_cache ac;
};

/*
 * Need this for bootstrapping a per node allocator.
 */
#define NUM_INIT_LISTS (2 * MAX_NUMNODES)
static struct kmem_cache_node __initdata init_kmem_cache_node[NUM_INIT_LISTS];
#define	CACHE_CACHE 0
#define	SIZE_NODE (MAX_NUMNODES)

static int drain_freelist(struct kmem_cache *cache,
			struct kmem_cache_node *n, int tofree);
static void free_block(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void **objpp, int len,
			int node, struct list_head *list);
static void slabs_destroy(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct list_head *list);
static int enable_cpucache(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t gfp);
static void cache_reap(struct work_struct *unused);

static inline void fixup_objfreelist_debug(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
						void **list);
static inline void fixup_slab_list(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
				struct kmem_cache_node *n, struct page *page,
				void **list);
static int slab_early_init = 1;

#define INDEX_NODE kmalloc_index(sizeof(struct kmem_cache_node))

static void kmem_cache_node_init(struct kmem_cache_node *parent)
{
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&parent->slabs_full);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&parent->slabs_partial);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&parent->slabs_free);
	parent->shared = NULL;
	parent->alien = NULL;
	parent->colour_next = 0;
	spin_lock_init(&parent->list_lock);
	parent->free_objects = 0;
	parent->free_touched = 0;
}

#define MAKE_LIST(cachep, listp, slab, nodeid)				\
	do {								\
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(listp);					\
		list_splice(&get_node(cachep, nodeid)->slab, listp);	\
	} while (0)

#define	MAKE_ALL_LISTS(cachep, ptr, nodeid)				\
	do {								\
	MAKE_LIST((cachep), (&(ptr)->slabs_full), slabs_full, nodeid);	\
	MAKE_LIST((cachep), (&(ptr)->slabs_partial), slabs_partial, nodeid); \
	MAKE_LIST((cachep), (&(ptr)->slabs_free), slabs_free, nodeid);	\
	} while (0)

#define CFLGS_OBJFREELIST_SLAB	(0x40000000UL)
#define CFLGS_OFF_SLAB		(0x80000000UL)
#define	OBJFREELIST_SLAB(x)	((x)->flags & CFLGS_OBJFREELIST_SLAB)
#define	OFF_SLAB(x)	((x)->flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB)

#define BATCHREFILL_LIMIT	16
/*
 * Optimization question: fewer reaps means less probability for unnessary
 * cpucache drain/refill cycles.
 *
 * OTOH the cpuarrays can contain lots of objects,
 * which could lock up otherwise freeable slabs.
 */
#define REAPTIMEOUT_AC		(2*HZ)
#define REAPTIMEOUT_NODE	(4*HZ)

#if STATS
#define	STATS_INC_ACTIVE(x)	((x)->num_active++)
#define	STATS_DEC_ACTIVE(x)	((x)->num_active--)
#define	STATS_INC_ALLOCED(x)	((x)->num_allocations++)
#define	STATS_INC_GROWN(x)	((x)->grown++)
#define	STATS_ADD_REAPED(x,y)	((x)->reaped += (y))
#define	STATS_SET_HIGH(x)						\
	do {								\
		if ((x)->num_active > (x)->high_mark)			\
			(x)->high_mark = (x)->num_active;		\
	} while (0)
#define	STATS_INC_ERR(x)	((x)->errors++)
#define	STATS_INC_NODEALLOCS(x)	((x)->node_allocs++)
#define	STATS_INC_NODEFREES(x)	((x)->node_frees++)
#define STATS_INC_ACOVERFLOW(x)   ((x)->node_overflow++)
#define	STATS_SET_FREEABLE(x, i)					\
	do {								\
		if ((x)->max_freeable < i)				\
			(x)->max_freeable = i;				\
	} while (0)
#define STATS_INC_ALLOCHIT(x)	atomic_inc(&(x)->allochit)
#define STATS_INC_ALLOCMISS(x)	atomic_inc(&(x)->allocmiss)
#define STATS_INC_FREEHIT(x)	atomic_inc(&(x)->freehit)
#define STATS_INC_FREEMISS(x)	atomic_inc(&(x)->freemiss)
#else
#define	STATS_INC_ACTIVE(x)	do { } while (0)
#define	STATS_DEC_ACTIVE(x)	do { } while (0)
#define	STATS_INC_ALLOCED(x)	do { } while (0)
#define	STATS_INC_GROWN(x)	do { } while (0)
#define	STATS_ADD_REAPED(x,y)	do { (void)(y); } while (0)
#define	STATS_SET_HIGH(x)	do { } while (0)
#define	STATS_INC_ERR(x)	do { } while (0)
#define	STATS_INC_NODEALLOCS(x)	do { } while (0)
#define	STATS_INC_NODEFREES(x)	do { } while (0)
#define STATS_INC_ACOVERFLOW(x)   do { } while (0)
#define	STATS_SET_FREEABLE(x, i) do { } while (0)
#define STATS_INC_ALLOCHIT(x)	do { } while (0)
#define STATS_INC_ALLOCMISS(x)	do { } while (0)
#define STATS_INC_FREEHIT(x)	do { } while (0)
#define STATS_INC_FREEMISS(x)	do { } while (0)
#endif

#if DEBUG

/*
 * memory layout of objects:
 * 0		: objp
 * 0 .. cachep->obj_offset - BYTES_PER_WORD - 1: padding. This ensures that
 * 		the end of an object is aligned with the end of the real
 * 		allocation. Catches writes behind the end of the allocation.
 * cachep->obj_offset - BYTES_PER_WORD .. cachep->obj_offset - 1:
 * 		redzone word.
 * cachep->obj_offset: The real object.
 * cachep->size - 2* BYTES_PER_WORD: redzone word [BYTES_PER_WORD long]
 * cachep->size - 1* BYTES_PER_WORD: last caller address
 *					[BYTES_PER_WORD long]
 */
static int obj_offset(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
{
	return cachep->obj_offset;
}

static unsigned long long *dbg_redzone1(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
{
	BUG_ON(!(cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE));
	return (unsigned long long*) (objp + obj_offset(cachep) -
				      sizeof(unsigned long long));
}

static unsigned long long *dbg_redzone2(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
{
	BUG_ON(!(cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE));
	if (cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER)
		return (unsigned long long *)(objp + cachep->size -
					      sizeof(unsigned long long) -
					      REDZONE_ALIGN);
	return (unsigned long long *) (objp + cachep->size -
				       sizeof(unsigned long long));
}

static void **dbg_userword(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
{
	BUG_ON(!(cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER));
	return (void **)(objp + cachep->size - BYTES_PER_WORD);
}

#else

#define obj_offset(x)			0
#define dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp)	({BUG(); (unsigned long long *)NULL;})
#define dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp)	({BUG(); (unsigned long long *)NULL;})
#define dbg_userword(cachep, objp)	({BUG(); (void **)NULL;})

#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB_LEAK

static inline bool is_store_user_clean(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
{
	return atomic_read(&cachep->store_user_clean) == 1;
}

static inline void set_store_user_clean(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
{
	atomic_set(&cachep->store_user_clean, 1);
}

static inline void set_store_user_dirty(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
{
	if (is_store_user_clean(cachep))
		atomic_set(&cachep->store_user_clean, 0);
}

#else
static inline void set_store_user_dirty(struct kmem_cache *cachep) {}

#endif

/*
 * Do not go above this order unless 0 objects fit into the slab or
 * overridden on the command line.
 */
#define	SLAB_MAX_ORDER_HI	1
#define	SLAB_MAX_ORDER_LO	0
static int slab_max_order = SLAB_MAX_ORDER_LO;
static bool slab_max_order_set __initdata;

static inline struct kmem_cache *virt_to_cache(const void *obj)
{
	struct page *page = virt_to_head_page(obj);
	return page->slab_cache;
}

static inline void *index_to_obj(struct kmem_cache *cache, struct page *page,
				 unsigned int idx)
{
	return page->s_mem + cache->size * idx;
}

/*
 * We want to avoid an expensive divide : (offset / cache->size)
 *   Using the fact that size is a constant for a particular cache,
 *   we can replace (offset / cache->size) by
 *   reciprocal_divide(offset, cache->reciprocal_buffer_size)
 */
static inline unsigned int obj_to_index(const struct kmem_cache *cache,
					const struct page *page, void *obj)
{
	u32 offset = (obj - page->s_mem);
	return reciprocal_divide(offset, cache->reciprocal_buffer_size);
}

#define BOOT_CPUCACHE_ENTRIES	1
/* internal cache of cache description objs */
static struct kmem_cache kmem_cache_boot = {
	.batchcount = 1,
	.limit = BOOT_CPUCACHE_ENTRIES,
	.shared = 1,
	.size = sizeof(struct kmem_cache),
	.name = "kmem_cache",
};

static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct delayed_work, slab_reap_work);

static inline struct array_cache *cpu_cache_get(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
{
	return this_cpu_ptr(cachep->cpu_cache);
}

/*
 * Calculate the number of objects and left-over bytes for a given buffer size.
 */
static unsigned int cache_estimate(unsigned long gfporder, size_t buffer_size,
		unsigned long flags, size_t *left_over)
{
	unsigned int num;
	size_t slab_size = PAGE_SIZE << gfporder;

	/*
	 * The slab management structure can be either off the slab or
	 * on it. For the latter case, the memory allocated for a
	 * slab is used for:
	 *
	 * - @buffer_size bytes for each object
	 * - One freelist_idx_t for each object
	 *
	 * We don't need to consider alignment of freelist because
	 * freelist will be at the end of slab page. The objects will be
	 * at the correct alignment.
	 *
	 * If the slab management structure is off the slab, then the
	 * alignment will already be calculated into the size. Because
	 * the slabs are all pages aligned, the objects will be at the
	 * correct alignment when allocated.
	 */
	if (flags & (CFLGS_OBJFREELIST_SLAB | CFLGS_OFF_SLAB)) {
		num = slab_size / buffer_size;
		*left_over = slab_size % buffer_size;
	} else {
		num = slab_size / (buffer_size + sizeof(freelist_idx_t));
		*left_over = slab_size %
			(buffer_size + sizeof(freelist_idx_t));
	}

	return num;
}

#if DEBUG
#define slab_error(cachep, msg) __slab_error(__func__, cachep, msg)

static void __slab_error(const char *function, struct kmem_cache *cachep,
			char *msg)
{
	pr_err("slab error in %s(): cache `%s': %s\n",
	       function, cachep->name, msg);
	dump_stack();
	add_taint(TAINT_BAD_PAGE, LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE);
}
#endif

/*
 * By default on NUMA we use alien caches to stage the freeing of
 * objects allocated from other nodes. This causes massive memory
 * inefficiencies when using fake NUMA setup to split memory into a
 * large number of small nodes, so it can be disabled on the command
 * line
  */

static int use_alien_caches __read_mostly = 1;
static int __init noaliencache_setup(char *s)
{
	use_alien_caches = 0;
	return 1;
}
__setup("noaliencache", noaliencache_setup);

static int __init slab_max_order_setup(char *str)
{
	get_option(&str, &slab_max_order);
	slab_max_order = slab_max_order < 0 ? 0 :
				min(slab_max_order, MAX_ORDER - 1);
	slab_max_order_set = true;

	return 1;
}
__setup("slab_max_order=", slab_max_order_setup);

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
/*
 * Special reaping functions for NUMA systems called from cache_reap().
 * These take care of doing round robin flushing of alien caches (containing
 * objects freed on different nodes from which they were allocated) and the
 * flushing of remote pcps by calling drain_node_pages.
 */
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, slab_reap_node);

static void init_reap_node(int cpu)
{
	int node;

	node = next_node(cpu_to_mem(cpu), node_online_map);
	if (node == MAX_NUMNODES)
		node = first_node(node_online_map);

	per_cpu(slab_reap_node, cpu) = node;
}

static void next_reap_node(void)
{
	int node = __this_cpu_read(slab_reap_node);

	node = next_node(node, node_online_map);
	if (unlikely(node >= MAX_NUMNODES))
		node = first_node(node_online_map);
	__this_cpu_write(slab_reap_node, node);
}

#else
#define init_reap_node(cpu) do { } while (0)
#define next_reap_node(void) do { } while (0)
#endif

/*
 * Initiate the reap timer running on the target CPU.  We run at around 1 to 2Hz
 * via the workqueue/eventd.
 * Add the CPU number into the expiration time to minimize the possibility of
 * the CPUs getting into lockstep and contending for the global cache chain
 * lock.
 */
static void start_cpu_timer(int cpu)
{
	struct delayed_work *reap_work = &per_cpu(slab_reap_work, cpu);

	/*
	 * When this gets called from do_initcalls via cpucache_init(),
	 * init_workqueues() has already run, so keventd will be setup
	 * at that time.
	 */
	if (keventd_up() && reap_work->work.func == NULL) {
		init_reap_node(cpu);
		INIT_DEFERRABLE_WORK(reap_work, cache_reap);
		schedule_delayed_work_on(cpu, reap_work,
					__round_jiffies_relative(HZ, cpu));
	}
}

static void init_arraycache(struct array_cache *ac, int limit, int batch)
{
	/*
	 * The array_cache structures contain pointers to free object.
	 * However, when such objects are allocated or transferred to another
	 * cache the pointers are not cleared and they could be counted as
	 * valid references during a kmemleak scan. Therefore, kmemleak must
	 * not scan such objects.
	 */
	kmemleak_no_scan(ac);
	if (ac) {
		ac->avail = 0;
		ac->limit = limit;
		ac->batchcount = batch;
		ac->touched = 0;
	}
}

static struct array_cache *alloc_arraycache(int node, int entries,
					    int batchcount, gfp_t gfp)
{
	size_t memsize = sizeof(void *) * entries + sizeof(struct array_cache);
	struct array_cache *ac = NULL;

	ac = kmalloc_node(memsize, gfp, node);
	init_arraycache(ac, entries, batchcount);
	return ac;
}

static noinline void cache_free_pfmemalloc(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
					struct page *page, void *objp)
{
	struct kmem_cache_node *n;
	int page_node;
	LIST_HEAD(list);

	page_node = page_to_nid(page);
	n = get_node(cachep, page_node);

	spin_lock(&n->list_lock);
	free_block(cachep, &objp, 1, page_node, &list);
	spin_unlock(&n->list_lock);

	slabs_destroy(cachep, &list);
}

/*
 * Transfer objects in one arraycache to another.
 * Locking must be handled by the caller.
 *
 * Return the number of entries transferred.
 */
static int transfer_objects(struct array_cache *to,
		struct array_cache *from, unsigned int max)
{
	/* Figure out how many entries to transfer */
	int nr = min3(from->avail, max, to->limit - to->avail);

	if (!nr)
		return 0;

	memcpy(to->entry + to->avail, from->entry + from->avail -nr,
			sizeof(void *) *nr);

	from->avail -= nr;
	to->avail += nr;
	return nr;
}

#ifndef CONFIG_NUMA

#define drain_alien_cache(cachep, alien) do { } while (0)
#define reap_alien(cachep, n) do { } while (0)

static inline struct alien_cache **alloc_alien_cache(int node,
						int limit, gfp_t gfp)
{
	return NULL;
}

static inline void free_alien_cache(struct alien_cache **ac_ptr)
{
}

static inline int cache_free_alien(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
{
	return 0;
}

static inline void *alternate_node_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
		gfp_t flags)
{
	return NULL;
}

static inline void *____cache_alloc_node(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
		 gfp_t flags, int nodeid)
{
	return NULL;
}

static inline gfp_t gfp_exact_node(gfp_t flags)
{
	return flags & ~__GFP_NOFAIL;
}

#else	/* CONFIG_NUMA */

static void *____cache_alloc_node(struct kmem_cache *, gfp_t, int);
static void *alternate_node_alloc(struct kmem_cache *, gfp_t);

static struct alien_cache *__alloc_alien_cache(int node, int entries,
						int batch, gfp_t gfp)
{
	size_t memsize = sizeof(void *) * entries + sizeof(struct alien_cache);
	struct alien_cache *alc = NULL;

	alc = kmalloc_node(memsize, gfp, node);
	init_arraycache(&alc->ac, entries, batch);
	spin_lock_init(&alc->lock);
	return alc;
}

static struct alien_cache **alloc_alien_cache(int node, int limit, gfp_t gfp)
{
	struct alien_cache **alc_ptr;
	size_t memsize = sizeof(void *) * nr_node_ids;
	int i;

	if (limit > 1)
		limit = 12;
	alc_ptr = kzalloc_node(memsize, gfp, node);
	if (!alc_ptr)
		return NULL;

	for_each_node(i) {
		if (i == node || !node_online(i))
			continue;
		alc_ptr[i] = __alloc_alien_cache(node, limit, 0xbaadf00d, gfp);
		if (!alc_ptr[i]) {
			for (i--; i >= 0; i--)
				kfree(alc_ptr[i]);
			kfree(alc_ptr);
			return NULL;
		}
	}
	return alc_ptr;
}

static void free_alien_cache(struct alien_cache **alc_ptr)
{
	int i;

	if (!alc_ptr)
		return;
	for_each_node(i)
	    kfree(alc_ptr[i]);
	kfree(alc_ptr);
}

static void __drain_alien_cache(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
				struct array_cache *ac, int node,
				struct list_head *list)
{
	struct kmem_cache_node *n = get_node(cachep, node);

	if (ac->avail) {
		spin_lock(&n->list_lock);
		/*
		 * Stuff objects into the remote nodes shared array first.
		 * That way we could avoid the overhead of putting the objects
		 * into the free lists and getting them back later.
		 */
		if (n->shared)
			transfer_objects(n->shared, ac, ac->limit);

		free_block(cachep, ac->entry, ac->avail, node, list);
		ac->avail = 0;
		spin_unlock(&n->list_lock);
	}
}

/*
 * Called from cache_reap() to regularly drain alien caches round robin.
 */
static void reap_alien(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct kmem_cache_node *n)
{
	int node = __this_cpu_read(slab_reap_node);

	if (n->alien) {
		struct alien_cache *alc = n->alien[node];
		struct array_cache *ac;

		if (alc) {
			ac = &alc->ac;
			if (ac->avail && spin_trylock_irq(&alc->lock)) {
				LIST_HEAD(list);

				__drain_alien_cache(cachep, ac, node, &list);
				spin_unlock_irq(&alc->lock);
				slabs_destroy(cachep, &list);
			}
		}
	}
}

static void drain_alien_cache(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
				struct alien_cache **alien)
{
	int i = 0;
	struct alien_cache *alc;
	struct array_cache *ac;
	unsigned long flags;

	for_each_online_node(i) {
		alc = alien[i];
		if (alc) {
			LIST_HEAD(list);

			ac = &alc->ac;
			spin_lock_irqsave(&alc->lock, flags);
			__drain_alien_cache(cachep, ac, i, &list);
			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&alc->lock, flags);
			slabs_destroy(cachep, &list);
		}
	}
}

static int __cache_free_alien(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp,
				int node, int page_node)
{
	struct kmem_cache_node *n;
	struct alien_cache *alien = NULL;
	struct array_cache *ac;
	LIST_HEAD(list);

	n = get_node(cachep, node);
	STATS_INC_NODEFREES(cachep);
	if (n->alien && n->alien[page_node]) {
		alien = n->alien[page_node];
		ac = &alien->ac;
		spin_lock(&alien->lock);
		if (unlikely(ac->avail == ac->limit)) {
			STATS_INC_ACOVERFLOW(cachep);
			__drain_alien_cache(cachep, ac, page_node, &list);
		}
		ac->entry[ac->avail++] = objp;
		spin_unlock(&alien->lock);
		slabs_destroy(cachep, &list);
	} else {
		n = get_node(cachep, page_node);
		spin_lock(&n->list_lock);
		free_block(cachep, &objp, 1, page_node, &list);
		spin_unlock(&n->list_lock);
		slabs_destroy(cachep, &list);
	}
	return 1;
}

static inline int cache_free_alien(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
{
	int page_node = page_to_nid(virt_to_page(objp));
	int node = numa_mem_id();
	/*
	 * Make sure we are not freeing a object from another node to the array
	 * cache on this cpu.
	 */
	if (likely(node == page_node))
		return 0;

	return __cache_free_alien(cachep, objp, node, page_node);
}

/*
 * Construct gfp mask to allocate from a specific node but do not reclaim or
 * warn about failures.
 */
static inline gfp_t gfp_exact_node(gfp_t flags)
{
	return (flags | __GFP_THISNODE | __GFP_NOWARN) & ~(__GFP_RECLAIM|__GFP_NOFAIL);
}
#endif

static int init_cache_node(struct kmem_cache *cachep, int node, gfp_t gfp)
{
	struct kmem_cache_node *n;

	/*
	 * Set up the kmem_cache_node for cpu before we can
	 * begin anything. Make sure some other cpu on this
	 * node has not already allocated this
	 */
	n = get_node(cachep, node);
	if (n) {
		spin_lock_irq(&n->list_lock);
		n->free_limit = (1 + nr_cpus_node(node)) * cachep->batchcount +
				cachep->num;
		spin_unlock_irq(&n->list_lock);

		return 0;
	}

	n = kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct kmem_cache_node), gfp, node);
	if (!n)
		return -ENOMEM;

	kmem_cache_node_init(n);
	n->next_reap = jiffies + REAPTIMEOUT_NODE +
		    ((unsigned long)cachep) % REAPTIMEOUT_NODE;

	n->free_limit =
		(1 + nr_cpus_node(node)) * cachep->batchcount + cachep->num;

	/*
	 * The kmem_cache_nodes don't come and go as CPUs
	 * come and go.  slab_mutex is sufficient
	 * protection here.
	 */
	cachep->node[node] = n;

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Allocates and initializes node for a node on each slab cache, used for
 * either memory or cpu hotplug.  If memory is being hot-added, the kmem_cache_node
 * will be allocated off-node since memory is not yet online for the new node.
 * When hotplugging memory or a cpu, existing node are not replaced if
 * already in use.
 *
 * Must hold slab_mutex.
 */
static int init_cache_node_node(int node)
{
	int ret;
	struct kmem_cache *cachep;

	list_for_each_entry(cachep, &slab_caches, list) {
		ret = init_cache_node(cachep, node, GFP_KERNEL);
		if (ret)
			return ret;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int setup_kmem_cache_node(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
				int node, gfp_t gfp, bool force_change)
{
	int ret = -ENOMEM;
	struct kmem_cache_node *n;
	struct array_cache *old_shared = NULL;
	struct array_cache *new_shared = NULL;
	struct alien_cache **new_alien = NULL;
	LIST_HEAD(list);

	if (use_alien_caches) {
		new_alien = alloc_alien_cache(node, cachep->limit, gfp);
		if (!new_alien)
			goto fail;
	}

	if (cachep->shared) {
		new_shared = alloc_arraycache(node,
			cachep->shared * cachep->batchcount, 0xbaadf00d, gfp);
		if (!new_shared)
			goto fail;
	}

	ret = init_cache_node(cachep, node, gfp);
	if (ret)
		goto fail;

	n = get_node(cachep, node);
	spin_lock_irq(&n->list_lock);
	if (n->shared && force_change) {
		free_block(cachep, n->shared->entry,
				n->shared->avail, node, &list);
		n->shared->avail = 0;
	}

	if (!n->shared || force_change) {
		old_shared = n->shared;
		n->shared = new_shared;
		new_shared = NULL;
	}

	if (!n->alien) {
		n->alien = new_alien;
		new_alien = NULL;
	}

	spin_unlock_irq(&n->list_lock);
	slabs_destroy(cachep, &list);

	/*
	 * To protect lockless access to n->shared during irq disabled context.
	 * If n->shared isn't NULL in irq disabled context, accessing to it is
	 * guaranteed to be valid until irq is re-enabled, because it will be
	 * freed after synchronize_sched().
	 */
	if (force_change)
		synchronize_sched();

fail:
	kfree(old_shared);
	kfree(new_shared);
	free_alien_cache(new_alien);

	return ret;
}

static void cpuup_canceled(long cpu)
{
	struct kmem_cache *cachep;
	struct kmem_cache_node *n = NULL;
	int node = cpu_to_mem(cpu);
	const struct cpumask *mask = cpumask_of_node(node);

	list_for_each_entry(cachep, &slab_caches, list) {
		struct array_cache *nc;
		struct array_cache *shared;
		struct alien_cache **alien;
		LIST_HEAD(list);

		n = get_node(cachep, node);
		if (!n)
			continue;

		spin_lock_irq(&n->list_lock);

		/* Free limit for this kmem_cache_node */
		n->free_limit -= cachep->batchcount;

		/* cpu is dead; no one can alloc from it. */
		nc = per_cpu_ptr(cachep->cpu_cache, cpu);
		if (nc) {
			free_block(cachep, nc->entry, nc->avail, node, &list);
			nc->avail = 0;
		}

		if (!cpumask_empty(mask)) {
			spin_unlock_irq(&n->list_lock);
			goto free_slab;
		}

		shared = n->shared;
		if (shared) {
			free_block(cachep, shared->entry,
				   shared->avail, node, &list);
			n->shared = NULL;
		}

		alien = n->alien;
		n->alien = NULL;

		spin_unlock_irq(&n->list_lock);

		kfree(shared);
		if (alien) {
			drain_alien_cache(cachep, alien);
			free_alien_cache(alien);
		}

free_slab:
		slabs_destroy(cachep, &list);
	}
	/*
	 * In the previous loop, all the objects were freed to
	 * the respective cache's slabs,  now we can go ahead and
	 * shrink each nodelist to its limit.
	 */
	list_for_each_entry(cachep, &slab_caches, list) {
		n = get_node(cachep, node);
		if (!n)
			continue;
		drain_freelist(cachep, n, INT_MAX);
	}
}

static int cpuup_prepare(long cpu)
{
	struct kmem_cache *cachep;
	int node = cpu_to_mem(cpu);
	int err;

	/*
	 * We need to do this right in the beginning since
	 * alloc_arraycache's are going to use this list.
	 * kmalloc_node allows us to add the slab to the right
	 * kmem_cache_node and not this cpu's kmem_cache_node
	 */
	err = init_cache_node_node(node);
	if (err < 0)
		goto bad;

	/*
	 * Now we can go ahead with allocating the shared arrays and
	 * array caches
	 */
	list_for_each_entry(cachep, &slab_caches, list) {
		err = setup_kmem_cache_node(cachep, node, GFP_KERNEL, false);
		if (err)
			goto bad;